Ngaphandle kokungabaza, sonke sikhathazeke kakhulu ngemfucuza ephonswa olwandle nasolwandle lwethu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde izindatshana ezimayelana nesibopho semikhumbi yokuhamba ngesikebhe esinakho kukho konke lokhu. Ngeke ngibe umuntu ongasho ukuthi akulona iqiniso, kepha njenganoma yimuphi umsebenzi womuntu unezindleko zeplanethi. Noma kunjalo Kungumkhakha uqobo ukuthi "ukuze ungabulali ihansi elizalela amaqanda egolide" noma ngaphandle kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, ufake amabhethri futhi yiwona odinga kakhulu ukuphathwa kukadoti wawo.
Ngezansi ngichaza ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani izinhlelo ezintsha zokunciphisa ukungcola kukadoti olwandle ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imithetho yokuphathwa kwemfucuza
Kuze kube manje, imithethonqubo elawula ukuphathwa kwemfucuza emikhunjini yemikhumbi ifakiwe kwiNgqungquthela Yomhlaba Yomhlaba Ukuvimbela Ukungcola Kwezokuhambisa (i-MARPOL) kwavunywa ngo-1973 yi-International Maritime Organisation (IMO). Ungacabanga ukuthi iphelelwe yisikhathi ngokuphelele.
Lesi sivumelwano sithi Akuvunyelwe ukukhipha izinkokhelo nokukhishwa kwendle emkhunjini ngaphakathi kwamamayela amathathu i-nautical, ngaphandle kwalapho imfucumfucu le ilashelwe ukunciphisa ivolumu yayo nokuqeda umthwalo wayo ongcolisa. Iqiniso yilokho kusuka kumamayela ayi-12 nautical imithetho yokulahlwa kukadoti ayikhululeki futhi lo mthetho awenele ukuvimbela ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okungalawulwa. Esikhundleni salokho, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi babe izinduna uqobo, abathandi bokuqala bolwandle, nezinkampani ezenza izibopho zemvelo. Futhi futhi kufanele kushiwo, ngoba ukuzibophezela emvelweni kuya ngokuya kubaluleka ngabasebenzisi nokongiwa kwezilwandle.
Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuphonsa olwandle:
- Amapulasitiki, ingilazi, izigubhu, ukupakisha neziqukathi
- Amafutha nezinsalela zikaphethiloli noma amanye ama-hydrocarbon
- Amanzi anamafutha
- Ukudla okusanhlamvu okungaphansi kwamamayela ayi-12 ukusuka ogwini
Ezinye izinhlelo zokwenza imfucuza emincane emikhunjini yokuhamba ngomkhumbi
ICosta Cruises yethulwe eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ngoJulayi 2016 a umbiko wokusimama kuqhakambisa ukwehliswa kwe-4,8% ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kuyo yonke imikhumbi yayo, kanye ukuncishiswa kwekhabhoni kube ngamaphesenti ama-2,3. Olunye ucezu lolwazi okufanele luphawulwe kulo mbiko ukuthi ukuqoqwa nokulungiswa kukadoti kube ngamaphesenti ayi-100. Iqiniso elilodwa engilithanda kakhulu yilokho cishe ama-70% wamanzi owadingayo esikebheni akhiqizwe ngqo emkhunjini uqobo.
I-Carnival, inkampani yemikhumbi yaseNyakatho Melika, ngaphezu kokushintshela emafutheni amasha, ifaka phakathi kwezinhloso zayo ukusimama komhlaba wonke ngo-2020 emigqeni yayo engu-10, imvamisa babela isamba esikhulu semali ngoSuku Lomhlaba Olwandle kunoma iyiphi i-NGO esebenza ukuyilondoloza.
Futhi njengoba ulula, kuthiwani ngesikebhe sokuhamba ngomkhumbi? Ngalo mqondo, ipulatifomu yaseSailsquare, uhlobo lwe-Uber del mar lubeka amakhasimende nokaputeni be- isikebhe sokuhamba ngomkhumbi, ushicilele umbiko othi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi phakathi kweBalearic Islands neSardinia konga kuze kufike ku-235 kg we-CO2.
Isinyathelo esisha ngokuya ngemikhumbi yabagibeli siyakhiwa eJapan, yiyona Iphrojekthi ye-Ecoseas ye-NGO Peace Boat. Le nhlangano engenzi nzuzo yaphakanyiswa ngo-2008 ukuthi ithole iNobel Peace Prize, futhi isichithe iminyaka ihambela umhlaba ngezinhloso ezehlukene zenhlalo.
I-LNG, Liquefied Natural Gas ikusasa lamafutha olwandle
Imithethonqubo yomhlaba wonke iyashintsha, futhi izinkampani zemikhumbi zitshala imali ekushintsheni uhlobo lukaphethiloli. Manje sebefuna ezinye izindlela ezingcolisa kakhulu njenge-LNG, igesi yemvelo encibilikisiwe, ngalokhu uphethiloli incishiswa ngu Ukukhishwa kwe-90% kwama-nitrogen oxides futhi cishe ama-24% we-CO2. Unolwazi oluthe xaxa ngalolu hlobo nezinye izinhlobo zikaphethiloli ezihambisa imikhumbi ye-cruise Lesi sihloko.