Pasina kupokana, isu tese tine hanya zvikuru nezve marara anokandirwa mumakungwa edu nemakungwa. Iwe unogona kunge wakaverenga zvinyorwa pamusoro pebasa rekuti ngarava dzinofamba mune izvi zvese. Ini handizove ari kuti nditaure kuti hachisi chokwadi, asi senge chero chiitiko chevanhu chine mutengo wepasi. Zvakadaro Ndicho chikamu chaicho icho "kuitira kuti urege kuuraya hanzi inokandira mazai egoridhe" kana kunze kwekuziva nezve ecological yakaisa mabhatiri mukati uye ndiyo inonyanya kudzvinyirira pamwe nehutarisiro hwayo marara.
Pazasi ini ndinotsanangura kuti mashandiro matsva ari kuitwa sei kudzikisira kubuda kwemarara mugungwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Mitemo pane yekurasa marara
Kusvika parizvino, mirau inodzora kutarisirwa kwemarara pazvikepe zvekufambisa inosanganisirwa muInternational Convention ye Kutakura Kusvibisa Kudzivirira (MARPOL) kwakatenderwa muna 1973 neInternational Maritime Organisation (IMO). Iwe unogona kufungidzira kuti yakanyatsopera yechinyakare.
Chibvumirano ichi chinodaro Izvo zvinorambidzwa kuburitsa iwo mairi uye kuburitswa kwetsvina kubva muchikepe mukati mamaira matatu nautical, kunze kwekunge marara aya akarapwa kudzikisa huwandu hwavo uye kubvisa mutoro wavo wakashatisa. Chokwadi ndechekuti kubva gumi nemaviri nautical mamaira ekurasa marara akarerutswa uye mutemo uyu hauna kukwana kudzivirira kuraswa kusingadzorwe kwemarara. Asi, ivo vanofanirwa kuve ivo vatungamiriri ivo, vekutanga vanoda gungwa, uye makambani ari kuita zvipikirwa zvezvakatipoteredza. Zvakare uye zvinofanirwa kutaurwa, nekuti kuzvipira kunharaunda kuri kuwedzera kukosheswa nevashandisi uye kuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa.
Izvo zvakarambidzwa zvachose kukanda mugungwa:
- Mapurasitiki, girazi, madhiramu, kurongedza uye midziyo
- Oiri uye zvisaririra zvemafuta kana mamwe mahydrocarbon
- Mvura ine mafuta
- Chikafu chinodonha isingasviki mamaira gumi nemaviri kubva kumahombekombe
Zvimwe zvirongwa zvekugadzira marara mashoma pazvikepe zvekufamba
Costa Cruises yakavhurwa makore mashoma apfuura, muna Chikunguru 2016 a yekusimudzira mushumo kujekesa kuderedzwa kwe4,8% mukushandisa kwesimba pane ayo ese ngarava, uye iyo kabhoni tsoka yekudzora yave iri 2,3 muzana. Chimwe chidimbu cheruzivo chekucherechedza mune uyu mushumo ndechekuti kuunganidzwa nekudzoserwa kwemarara kwave zana muzana. Chinhu chimwe chandinonyanya kufarira icho icho ingangoita 70% yemvura yaunoda pabhodhi yakagadzirwa yakananga pachikepe pachayo.
Carnival, iyo yekuAmerican kambani yekutakura, kuwedzera kune zvakare kuchinjira kumagetsi matsva, kuisa pakati pezvinangwa zvayo zve kugadzikana kwepasirese na2020 mumigwagwa yayo gumi, kazhinji vanogovera muhombe mari paWorld Oceans Day kune chero NGO inoshanda kuti ichengetedze.
Uye kuve nyore, zvakadii nechikepe chengarava? Mupfungwa iyi, iyo Sailsquare chikuva, mhando yeUber del mar inoisa mukutaurirana vatengi nevatungamiriri ve chikepe, yakaburitsa mushumo unotaura kuti kufamba nechikepe pakati peBalearic Islands neSardinia kunochengetedza kusvika pamakumi maviri nemashanu emakirogiramu eCO235.
Iyi nyowani nyowani maererano neanofamba vafambi iri kuvandudzwa muJapan, ndiyo Ecoseas chirongwa cheNGO Peace Peace. Sangano risingabatsiri iri rakakurudzirwa muna2008 kuti riwane Nobel Peace Prize, uye rapedza makore tichifamba nyika nehukama hwakasiyana.
LNG, Liquefied Natural Gasi iro ramangwana remafuta mugungwa
Mitemo yepasi rose iri kuchinjika, uye makambani ekutumira ari kuisa mari mukuchinja mhando yemafuta. Iye zvino vava kutsvaga zvakanyanya kushatisa dzimwe nzira senge LNG, yakanyoroveswa gasi rechisikigo, nemafuta aya anoderedzwa ne 90% emissions enitrogen oxides uye ingangoita 24% ye CO2. Iwe une rumwe ruzivo nezve urwu mhando uye mamwe marudzi emafuta anofambisa ngarava dzechikepe mukati chinyorwa ichi.