Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, sonke sixhalabile kakhulu ngenkunkuma ethi iphoswe kwiilwandle zethu. Usenokuba uwafundile amanqaku malunga noxanduva lweenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa kuyo yonke le nto. Andizukuba ngumntu othi ayiyonyani, kodwa njengawo nawuphi na umsebenzi wabantu inexabiso lomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo Licandelo ngokwalo elithi "ukuze lingabulali irhanisi elizalela amaqanda egolide" okanye ngaphandle kolwazi ngendalo, libeke iibhetri kwaye lelona lifunwa kakhulu ngolawulo lwenkunkuma.
Apha ngezantsi ndicacisa indlela amalinge amatsha enziwa ngayo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma elwandle kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Imithetho kulawulo lwenkunkuma
Kude kube ngoku, imigaqo elawula ukulawulwa kwenkunkuma kwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa ibandakanyiwe kwiNgqungquthela yeZizwe ngezizwe ye UkuThintela ukungcoliseka kwenqanawa (MARPOL) kuvunywa ngo-1973 nguMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe oLwandle (i-IMO). Unokucinga ukuba iphelelwe lixesha.
Esi sivumelwano sithi Akuvunyelwe ukukhupha i-bilges kunye nokukhutshwa kwelindle kwinqanawa ngaphakathi kweemayile ezintathu I-nautical, ngaphandle kokuba ezi nkunkuma ziye zanyangwa ukunciphisa umthamo wazo nokuphelisa umthwalo wazo ongcolileyo. Inyani yile ukusuka kwi-12 yeemayile zeemayile imigaqo yokulahla inkunkuma ayikhululekanga kwaye lo mmiselo awonelanga ukuthintela ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma okungalawulwayo. Endaweni yoko, kuye kwafuneka babe ngabaphathi ngokwabo, abathandi bokuqala bolwandle, kunye neenkampani ezenza izibophelelo kwindalo. Kananjalo kwaye kufuneka kuthiwe, kuba ukuzibophelela kwindalo esiya kuxatyiswa ngabasebenzisi kunye nolondolozo lweelwandle.
Akuvunyelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuphosa elwandle:
- Iiplastiki, iglasi, amagubu, ukupakisha kunye nezikhongozeli
- Amafutha kunye neentsalela zepetroli okanye ezinye iihydrocarbon
- Amanzi anamafutha
- Ukutya okushiyekileyo ngaphantsi kweemayile ezili-12 ukusuka elunxwemeni
Amanye amanyathelo okuvelisa inkunkuma encinci kwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa
ICosta Cruises yasungulwa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngoJulayi 2016 a ingxelo yozinzo Ukuqaqambisa ukunciphisa kwe-4,8% ekusebenziseni kwamandla kuyo yonke iinqanawa, kunye Ukuncitshiswa kwekhabhoni yipesenti ezi-2,3. Elinye icandelo lolwazi ekufuneka liqatshelwe kule ngxelo kukuba ukuqokelelwa nokubuyiswa kwenkunkuma kube yipesenti ezili-100. Inye into endiyithandayo ngokukodwa yile phantse iipesenti ezingama-70 zamanzi owafunayo ebhodini iveliswe ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanawa.
I-Carnival, Inkampani yokuhambisa ngenqanawa eMntla Melika, ukongeza ekutshintsheleni kwi-fuels ezintsha, ifaka phakathi kweenjongo zayo uzinzo lwehlabathi ngowama-2020 kwimizila yeenqanawa ezili-10, uhlala wabela isixa esikhulu semali ngoSuku lweLwandle lweHlabathi kuyo nayiphi na i-NGO esebenza ukuyilondoloza.
Kwaye ekubeni lula, kuthekani ngolwandle? Ngale ndlela, iqonga le-Sailsquare, uhlobo lwe-Uber del mar lubeka abathengi kunye neentloko ze ukuhamba ngephenyane, upapashe ingxelo echaza ukuba ukuhamba ngomkhumbi phakathi kweziqithi zeBalearic kunye neSardinia konga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-235 kg ye-CO2.
Elona nyathelo litsha ngokweendlela zokuhamba kwabahambi ziyaphuhliswa eJapan Iprojekthi ye-Ecoseas ye-NGO Peace Boat. Lo mbutho ungenzi nzuzo waphakanyiswa ngo-2008 ukufumana iNobel Peace Prize, kwaye uchithe iminyaka ehamba emhlabeni ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo.
I-LNG, iGesi yeNdalo eLawulayo ikamva lezibaso elwandle
Imigaqo yamanye amazwe iyatshintsha, kwaye iinkampani zokuhambisa zityala imali ekutshintsheni uhlobo lwepetroli. Ngoku bakhangele iindlela ezingaphantsi kakhulu zokungcolisa njenge-LNG, ulwelo olunyibilikisiweyo lwendalo, ngalo mafutha luyacuthwa Ukukhutshwa kwe-90% ye-nitrogen oxides kunye ne-24% ye-CO2. Unolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nolu hlobo kunye nezinye iindidi zepetroli ezihambisa iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa Oku kubhaliwe.